KaTeX 数学公式大全
编者按：KaTeX 是一款基于 Donald Knuth 的 TeX 系统构建的高性能网页数学排版引擎，能够为数学公式与物理符号提供细致而快速的渲染效果。笔者日常深度使用 Obsidian，该笔记软件原生支持 KaTeX，故特此翻译并整理本文，旨在系统介绍 KaTeX 所支持的 TeX 语法。本文译自官方函数列表文档。
这是 KaTeX 支持的 TeX 函数列表，按逻辑分组排序。
重音符号¶
\(a'\) a' |
\(\tilde{a}\) \tilde{a} |
\(\mathring{g}\) \mathring{g} |
\(a''\) a'' |
\(\widetilde{ac}\) \widetilde{ac} |
\(\overgroup{AB}\) \overgroup{AB} |
\(a^{\prime}\) a^{\prime} |
\(\utilde{AB}\) \utilde{AB} |
\(\undergroup{AB}\) \undergroup{AB} |
\(\acute{a}\) \acute{a} |
\(\vec{F}\) \vec{F} |
\(\Overrightarrow{AB}\) \Overrightarrow{AB} |
\(\bar{y}\) \bar{y} |
\(\overleftarrow{AB}\) \overleftarrow{AB} |
\(\overrightarrow{AB}\) \overrightarrow{AB} |
\(\breve{a}\) \breve{a} |
\(\underleftarrow{AB}\) \underleftarrow{AB} |
\(\underrightarrow{AB}\) \underrightarrow{AB} |
\(\check{a}\) \check{a} |
\(\overleftharpoon{ac}\) \overleftharpoon{ac} |
\(\overrightharpoon{ac}\) \overrightharpoon{ac} |
\(\dot{a}\) \dot{a} |
\(\overleftrightarrow{AB}\) \overleftrightarrow{AB} |
\(\overbrace{AB}\) \overbrace{AB} |
\(\ddot{a}\) \ddot{a} |
\(\underleftrightarrow{AB}\) \underleftrightarrow{AB} |
\(\underbrace{AB}\) \underbrace{AB} |
\(\dddot{a}\) \dddot{a} |
\(\overline{AB}\) \overline{AB} |
\(\overbracket{AB}\) \overbracket{AB} |
\(\ddddot{a}\) \ddddot{a} |
\(\underline{AB}\) \underline{AB} |
\(\underbracket{AB}\) \underbracket{AB} |
\(\grave{a}\) \grave{a} |
\(\underbar{X}\) \underbar{X} |
\(\overlinesegment{AB}\) \overlinesegment{AB} |
\(\hat{\theta}\) \hat{\theta} |
\(\widecheck{ac}\) \widecheck{ac} |
\(\underlinesegment{AB}\) \underlinesegment{AB} |
\(\widehat{ac}\) \widehat{ac} |
在 \text{…} 内部使用的重音函数
\(\text{\'{a}}\) \'{a} |
\(\text{\~{a}}\) \~{a} |
\(\text{\.{a}}\) \.{a} |
\(\text{\H{a}}\) \H{a} |
\(\text{\`{a}}\) \ |
|||
\(\text{\^{a}}\) \^{a} |
\(\text{\u{a}}\) \u{a} |
\(\text{\r{a}}\) \r{a} |
另请参阅字母与 Unicode。
定界符¶
\((~)\) ( ) |
\(\lparen~\rparen\) \lparen\(~~~~\) \rparen |
\(⌈~⌉\) ⌈ ⌉ |
\(\lceil~\rceil\) \lceil\(~~~~~\) \rceil |
\(\uparrow\) \uparrow |
\([~]\) [ ] |
\(\lbrack~\rbrack\) \lbrack\(~~~~\) \rbrack |
\(⌊~⌋\) ⌊ ⌋ |
\(\lfloor~\rfloor\) \lfloor\(~~~~~\) \rfloor |
\(\downarrow\) \downarrow |
\(\{ \}\) \{ \} |
\(\lbrace \rbrace\) \lbrace\(~~~~\) \rbrace |
\(⎰⎱\) ⎰⎱ |
\(\lmoustache \rmoustache\) \lmoustache\(~~~~\) \rmoustache |
\(\updownarrow\) \updownarrow |
\(⟨~⟩\) ⟨ ⟩ |
\(\langle~\rangle\) \langle\(~~~~\) \rangle |
\(⟮~⟯\) ⟮ ⟯ |
\(\lgroup~\rgroup\) \lgroup\(~~~~~\) \rgroup |
\(\Uparrow\) \Uparrow |
\(\vert\) | |
\(\vert\) \vert |
\(┌ ┐\) ┌ ┐ |
\(\ulcorner \urcorner\) \ulcorner\(~~~~\) \urcorner |
\(\Downarrow\) \Downarrow |
\(\Vert\) \| |
\(\Vert\) \Vert |
\(└ ┘\) └ ┘ |
\(\llcorner \lrcorner\) \llcorner\(~~~~\) \lrcorner |
\(\Updownarrow\) \Updownarrow |
\(\lvert~\rvert\) \lvert\(~~~~\) \rvert |
\(\lVert~\rVert\) \lVert\(~~~~~\) \rVert |
\left. |
\right. |
\(\backslash\) \backslash |
\(\lang~\rang\) \lang\(~~~~\) \rang |
\(\left\lt~\right\gt\) \lt \gt |
\(⟦~⟧\) ⟦ ⟧ |
\(\llbracket~\rrbracket\) \llbracket\(~~~~\) \rrbracket |
\(/\) / |
\(\lBrace~\rBrace\) \lBrace \rBrace |
定界符尺寸调整
\(\left(\LARGE{AB}\right)\) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
\(( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(\) ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(
\left |
\big |
\bigl |
\bigm |
\bigr |
\middle |
\Big |
\Bigl |
\Bigm |
\Bigr |
\right |
\bigg |
\biggl |
\biggm |
\biggr |
\Bigg |
\Biggl |
\Biggm |
\Biggr |
环境¶
| \(\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}\) | \begin{matrix}a & b \\c & d\end{matrix} |
\(\begin{array}{cc}a & b\\c & d\end{array}\) | \begin{array}{cc}a & b \\c & d\end{array} |
| \(\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}\) | \begin{pmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{pmatrix} |
\(\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}\) | \begin{bmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{bmatrix} |
| \(\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}\) | \begin{vmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{vmatrix} |
\(\begin{Vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Vmatrix}\) | \begin{Vmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{Vmatrix} |
| \(\begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{Bmatrix}\) | \begin{Bmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{Bmatrix} |
\(\def\arraystretch{1.5}\begin{array}{c:c:c} a & b & c \\ \hline d & e & f \\ \hdashline g & h & i \end{array}\) | \def\arraystretch{1.5}\begin{array}{c:c:c}a & b & c \\ \hlined & e & f \\\hdashlineg & h & i\end{array} |
| \(x = \begin{cases} a &\text{if } b \\ c &\text{if } d \end{cases}\) | x = \begin{cases}a &\text{if } b \\c &\text{if } d\end{cases} |
\(\begin{rcases} a &\text{if } b \\ c &\text{if } d \end{rcases}⇒…\) | \begin{rcases}a &\text{if } b \\c &\text{if } d\end{rcases}⇒… |
| \(\begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix}\) | \begin{smallmatrix}a & b \\c & d\end{smallmatrix} |
$\(\sum_{\begin{subarray}{l} i\in\Lambda\\ 0<j<n\end{subarray}}\)$ | \sum_{\begin{subarray}{l}i\in\Lambda\\0<j<n\end{subarray}} |
自动渲染（auto-render）扩展会渲染以下环境，即使它们没有被包在 $$…$$ 之类的数学定界符内。这些环境仅支持显示（display）模式。
| $\(\begin{equation}\begin{split}a &=b+c\\&=e+f\end{split}\end{equation}\)$ | \begin{equation}\begin{split} a &=b+c\\&=e+f\end{split}\end{equation} |
$\(\begin{align} a&=b+c \\ d+e&=f \end{align}\)$ | \begin{align}a&=b+c \\d+e&=f\end{align} |
| $\(\begin{gather} a=b \\ e=b+c \end{gather}\)$ | \begin{gather}a=b \\e=b+c\end{gather} |
$\(\begin{alignat}{2}10&x+&3&y=2\\3&x+&13&y=4\end{alignat}\)$ | \begin{alignat}{2}10&x+&3&y=2\\3&x+&13&y=4\end{alignat} |
| $\(\begin{CD}A @>a>> B \\@VbVV @AAcA\\C @= D\end{CD}\)$ | \begin{CD}A @>a>> B \\@VbVV @AAcA \\C @= D\end{CD} |
其他 KaTeX 环境¶
| 环境 | 与上面所示环境的区别 |
|---|---|
darray、dcases、drcases |
…… 应用 displaystyle |
matrix*、pmatrix*、bmatrix*Bmatrix*、vmatrix*、Vmatrix* |
…… 接受一个可选参数来设置列 对齐方式，如 \begin{matrix*}[r] |
equation*、gather*align*、alignat* |
…… 没有自动编号。另外，你也可以使用 \nonumber 或 \notag 来取消公式中某一行的编号。 |
gathered、aligned、alignedat |
…… 不需要处于显示模式。 …… 没有自动编号。 …… 必须放在数学定界符内，才能被自动渲染 扩展渲染。 |
可接受的换行符包括：\\、\cr、\\[distance] 和 \cr[distance]。distance（距离）可以使用任意 KaTeX 单位 来书写。
{array} 环境支持 | 和 : 两种竖直分隔线。
{array} 环境尚不支持 \cline 或 \multicolumn。
\tag 可以应用于顶层环境
（align、align*、alignat、alignat*、gather、gather*）中的单独一行。
HTML¶
以下“原始 HTML”功能对于不可信的输入存在潜在危险，
因此默认处于禁用状态，尝试使用它们会以红色显示命令名
（可通过 errorColor 选项 配置）。如果你完全信任你的 LaTeX
输入，可以传入 trust: true 选项；你也可以通过 trust 选项
只启用部分命令，或只对部分 URL 启用。
| \(\href{https://katex.org/}{\KaTeX}\) | \href{https://katex.org/}{\KaTeX} |
| \(\url{https://katex.org/}\) | \url{https://katex.org/} |
| \(\includegraphics[height=0.8em, totalheight=0.9em, width=0.9em, alt=KA logo]{https://katex.org/img/khan-academy.png}\) | \includegraphics[height=0.8em, totalheight=0.9em, width=0.9em, alt=KA logo]{https://katex.org/img/khan-academy.png} |
\(\htmlId{bar}{x}\) …<span id="bar" class="enclosing">…x…</span>… |
\htmlId{bar}{x} |
\(\htmlClass{foo}{x}\) …<span class="enclosing foo">…x…</span>… |
\htmlClass{foo}{x} |
\(\htmlStyle{color: red;}{x}\) …<span style="color: red;" class="enclosing">…x…</span>… |
\htmlStyle{color: red;}{x} |
\(\htmlData{foo=a, bar=b}{x}\) …<span data-foo="a" data-bar="b" class="enclosing">…x…</span>… |
\htmlData{foo=a, bar=b}{x} |
\includegraphics 的第一个参数支持 height、width、totalheight 和 alt。其中 height 是必需的。
HTML 扩展（以 \html 开头的）命令是非标准的，因此需要将 htmlExtension 的 strict 选项放宽。
字母与 Unicode¶
希腊字母
直接输入：\(Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι \allowbreak Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω\) \(\allowbreak α β γ δ ϵ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ o π \allowbreak ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ε ϑ ϖ ϱ ς φ ϝ\)
\(\Alpha\) \Alpha |
\(\Beta\) \Beta |
\(\Gamma\) \Gamma |
\(\Delta\) \Delta |
\(\Epsilon\) \Epsilon |
\(\Zeta\) \Zeta |
\(\Eta\) \Eta |
\(\Theta\) \Theta |
\(\Iota\) \Iota |
\(\Kappa\) \Kappa |
\(\Lambda\) \Lambda |
\(\Mu\) \Mu |
\(\Nu\) \Nu |
\(\Xi\) \Xi |
\(\Omicron\) \Omicron |
\(\Pi\) \Pi |
\(\Rho\) \Rho |
\(\Sigma\) \Sigma |
\(\Tau\) \Tau |
\(\Upsilon\) \Upsilon |
\(\Phi\) \Phi |
\(\Chi\) \Chi |
\(\Psi\) \Psi |
\(\Omega\) \Omega |
\(\varGamma\) \varGamma |
\(\varDelta\) \varDelta |
\(\varTheta\) \varTheta |
\(\varLambda\) \varLambda |
\(\varXi\) \varXi |
\(\varPi\) \varPi |
\(\varSigma\) \varSigma |
\(\varUpsilon\) \varUpsilon |
\(\varPhi\) \varPhi |
\(\varPsi\) \varPsi |
\(\varOmega\) \varOmega |
|
\(\alpha\) \alpha |
\(\beta\) \beta |
\(\gamma\) \gamma |
\(\delta\) \delta |
\(\epsilon\) \epsilon |
\(\zeta\) \zeta |
\(\eta\) \eta |
\(\theta\) \theta |
\(\iota\) \iota |
\(\kappa\) \kappa |
\(\lambda\) \lambda |
\(\mu\) \mu |
\(\nu\) \nu |
\(\xi\) \xi |
\(\omicron\) \omicron |
\(\pi\) \pi |
\(\rho\) \rho |
\(\sigma\) \sigma |
\(\tau\) \tau |
\(\upsilon\) \upsilon |
\(\phi\) \phi |
\(\chi\) \chi |
\(\psi\) \psi |
\(\omega\) \omega |
\(\varepsilon\) \varepsilon |
\(\varkappa\) \varkappa |
\(\vartheta\) \vartheta |
\(\thetasym\) \thetasym |
\(\varpi\) \varpi |
\(\varrho\) \varrho |
\(\varsigma\) \varsigma |
\(\varphi\) \varphi |
$\digamma $ \digamma |
其他字母
\(\imath\) \imath |
\(\nabla\) \nabla |
\(\Im\) \Im |
\(\Reals\) \Reals |
\(\text{\OE}\) \text{\OE} |
\(\jmath\) \jmath |
\(\partial\) \partial |
\(\image\) \image |
\(\wp\) \wp |
\(\text{\o}\) \text{\o} |
\(\aleph\) \aleph |
\(\Game\) \Game |
\(\Bbbk\) \Bbbk |
\(\weierp\) \weierp |
\(\text{\O}\) \text{\O} |
\(\alef\) \alef |
\(\Finv\) \Finv |
\(\N\) \N |
\(\Z\) \Z |
\(\text{\ss}\) \text{\ss} |
\(\alefsym\) \alefsym |
\(\cnums\) \cnums |
\(\natnums\) \natnums |
\(\text{\aa}\) \text{\aa} |
\(\text{\i}\) \text{\i} |
\(\beth\) \beth |
\(\Complex\) \Complex |
\(\R\) \R |
\(\text{\AA}\) \text{\AA} |
\(\text{\j}\) \text{\j} |
\(\gimel\) \gimel |
\(\ell\) \ell |
\(\Re\) \Re |
\(\text{\ae}\) \text{\ae} |
|
\(\daleth\) \daleth |
\(\hbar\) \hbar |
\(\real\) \real |
\(\text{\AE}\) \text{\AE} |
|
\(\eth\) \eth |
\(\hslash\) \hslash |
\(\reals\) \reals |
\(\text{\oe}\) \text{\oe} |
直接输入：\(∂ ∇ ℑ Ⅎ ℵ ℶ ℷ ℸ ⅁ ℏ ð − ∗\) ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåçèéêëìíîïðñòóôöùúûüýþÿ ₊₋₌₍₎₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉ₐₑₕᵢⱼₖₗₘₙₒₚᵣₛₜᵤᵥₓᵦᵧᵨᵩᵪ⁺⁻⁼⁽⁾⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹ᵃᵇᶜᵈᵉᵍʰⁱʲᵏˡᵐⁿᵒᵖʳˢᵗᵘʷˣʸᶻᵛᵝᵞᵟᵠᵡ
数学模式下的 Unicode 上下标字符，其渲染效果与你写成普通字符的下标或上标完全相同。例如，A²⁺³ 的渲染效果与 A^{2+3} 一致。
波斯语/阿拉伯语数字 如需波斯语/阿拉伯语数字的支持，可以尝试第三方插件 persian-katex-plugin。
Unicode 数学字母数字符号
| 项目 | 范围 | 项目 | 范围 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 粗体 | \(\text{𝐀-𝐙 𝐚-𝐳 𝟎-𝟗}\) | 双线体 | \(\text{𝔸-}ℤ\ 𝕜\) |
| 斜体 | \(\text{𝐴-𝑍 𝑎-𝑧}\) | 无衬线体 | \(\text{𝖠-𝖹 𝖺-𝗓 𝟢-𝟫}\) |
| 粗斜体 | \(\text{𝑨-𝒁 𝒂-𝒛}\) | 无衬线粗体 | \(\text{𝗔-𝗭 𝗮-𝘇 𝟬-𝟵}\) |
| 手写体 | \(\text{𝒜-𝒵}\) | 无衬线斜体 | \(\text{𝘈-𝘡 𝘢-𝘻}\) |
| 德文尖角体 | \(\text{\)𝔄\(-\)ℨ$}\text{ \(𝔞\)-\(𝔷\)}$ | 等宽体 | \(\text{𝙰-𝚉 𝚊-𝚣 𝟶-𝟿}\) |
| 德文尖角粗体 | \(\text{𝕬-𝖅 𝖆-𝖟}\) |
Unicode
上面列出的字母在任何 KaTeX 渲染模式下都能正常显示。
此外，亚美尼亚文、婆罗米系文字、格鲁吉亚文、中文、日文和韩文的字形在文本模式下始终可用。不过，这些字形会使用系统字体（而非 KaTeX 自带字体）渲染，因此排版风格可能不一致。
你可以为 CSS 类 .latin_fallback、.cyrillic_fallback、.brahmic_fallback、.georgian_fallback、.cjk_fallback 和 .hangul_fallback 提供规则，为这些语言指定后备字体。
使用这些字形可能造成轻微的垂直对齐问题：KaTeX 对列出的符号以及大多数拉丁、希腊和西里尔字母有详细的度量信息，但其他可用字形会被当作与当前 KaTeX 字体中字母 M 等高来处理。
如果 KaTeX 渲染模式设置为 strict: false 或 strict: "warn"（默认值），那么 KaTeX 会在文本模式和数学模式下接受所有 Unicode 字母。
所有无法识别的字符都会被当作出现在文本模式中处理，同样存在使用系统字体以及垂直对齐可能不正确的问题。
对于波斯语复合字符，一个用户提供的插件正在开发中。
任何字符都可以通过 \char 函数加上十六进制的 Unicode 编码来书写。例如 \char"263a 会渲染为 \(\char"263a\)。
布局¶
标注¶
\(\cancel{5}\) \cancel{5} |
\(\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}\) \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} |
\(\bcancel{5}\) \bcancel{5} |
\(\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}\) \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} |
\(\xcancel{ABC}\) \xcancel{ABC} |
\(\not =\) \not = |
\(\text{\sout{abc}}\) \text{\sout{abc}} |
\(\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}\) \boxed{\pi=\frac c d} |
\(a_{\angl n}\) $a_{\angl n} |
\(a_\angln\) a_\angln |
\(\overbracket{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}\) \overbracket{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} |
\(\underbracket{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}\) \underbracket{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} |
\(\phase{-78^\circ}\)\phase{-78^\circ} |
\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}
$\(\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}\)$
\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}
$\(\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}\)$
换行¶
KaTeX 0.10.0+ 会在行内数学中，在 “=” 或 “+” 之类的关系符或二元运算符之后自动插入换行。可以通过 \nobreak 或将数学内容放入一对花括号中（如 {F=ma}）来抑制这种自动换行。\allowbreak 则允许在关系符或运算符之外的位置自动换行。
硬换行是 \\ 和 \newline。
在显示数学中，KaTeX 不会插入自动换行。当渲染选项为 strict: true 时，它会忽略显示数学中的硬换行。
垂直布局¶
\(x_n\) x_n |
\(\stackrel{!}{=}\) \stackrel{!}{=} |
\(a \atop b\) a \atop b |
\(e^x\) e^x |
\(\overset{!}{=}\) \overset{!}{=} |
\(a\raisebox{0.25em}{\)b\(}c\) a\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c |
$_u^o $ _u^o |
\(\underset{!}{=}\) \underset{!}{=} |
\(a+\left(\vcenter{\frac{\frac a b}c}\right)\) a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right) |
$\(\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}\)$ \sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}} |
\raisebox 和 \hbox 会将其参数置于文本模式。若要抬升数学内容，需如上文所示在参数内嵌套 $…$ 定界符。
如果 strict 渲染选项为 false，\vcenter 可以不用 \hbox 书写。此时可省略嵌套的 $…$ 定界符。
重叠与间距¶
\({=}\mathllap{/\,}\) {=}\mathllap{/\,} |
\(\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)\) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right) |
\(\mathrlap{\,/}{=}\) \mathrlap{\,/}{=} |
\(\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}\) \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}} |
\(\displaystyle\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}\) \sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}
KaTeX 还支持 \llap、\rlap 和 \clap，但它们只接受文本参数，不接受数学参数。
间距
| 函数 | 效果 | 函数 | 效果 |
|---|---|---|---|
\, |
³∕₁₈ em 间距 | \kern{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\thinspace |
³∕₁₈ em 间距 | \mkern{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\> |
⁴∕₁₈ em 间距 | \mskip{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\: |
⁴∕₁₈ em 间距 | \hskip{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\medspace |
⁴∕₁₈ em 间距 | \hspace{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\; |
⁵∕₁₈ em 间距 | \hspace*{distance} |
间距，宽度 = distance |
\thickspace |
⁵∕₁₈ em 间距 | \phantom{content} |
与 content 宽高相同的空白 |
\enspace |
½ em 间距 | \hphantom{content} |
与 content 同宽的空白 |
\quad |
1 em 间距 | \vphantom{content} |
与 content 同高的撑杆（strut） |
\qquad |
2 em 间距 | \! |
– ³∕₁₈ em 间距 |
~ |
不换行空格 | \negthinspace |
– ³∕₁₈ em 间距 |
\<空格> |
空格 | \negmedspace |
– ⁴∕₁₈ em 间距 |
\nobreakspace |
不换行空格 | \negthickspace |
– ⁵∕₁₈ em 间距 |
\space |
空格 | \mathstrut |
\vphantom{(} |
说明：
distance 接受任意 KaTeX 单位。
\kern、\mkern、\mskip 和 \hspace 接受不带花括号的距离值，如 \kern1em。
\mkern 和 \mskip 在文本模式下无效，且对于除 mu 以外的任何单位都会在控制台输出警告。
逻辑与集合论¶
\(\gdef\VERT{|}\)
\(\forall\) \forall |
\(\complement\) \complement |
\(\therefore\) \therefore |
\(\emptyset\) \emptyset |
\(\exists\) \exists |
\(\subset\) \subset |
\(\because\) \because |
\(\empty\) \empty |
\(\exist\) \exist |
\(\supset\) \supset |
\(\mapsto\) \mapsto |
\(\varnothing\) \varnothing |
\(\nexists\) \nexists |
\(\mid\) \mid |
\(\to\) \to |
\(\implies\) \implies |
\(\in\) \in |
\(\land\) \land |
\(\gets\) \gets |
\(\impliedby\) \impliedby |
\(\isin\) \isin |
\(\lor\) \lor |
\(\leftrightarrow\) \leftrightarrow |
\(\iff\) \iff |
\(\notin\) \notin |
\(\ni\) \ni |
\(\notni\) \notni |
\(\neg\) \neg 或 \lnot |
\(\Set{ x \VERT x<\frac 1 2 }\)\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } |
\(\set{x\VERT x<5}\)\set{x|x<5} |
直接输入：\(∀ ∴ ∁ ∵ ∃ ∣ ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊂ ⊃ ∧ ∨ ↦ → ← ↔ ¬\) ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ
宏¶
| \(\def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo\) | \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo |
| \(\gdef\foo#1{#1^2} \foo{y} + \foo{y}\) | \gdef\foo#1{#1^2} \foo{y} + \foo{y} |
\edef\macroname#1#2…{definition to be expanded} |
|
\xdef\macroname#1#2…{definition to be expanded} |
|
\let\foo=\bar |
|
\futurelet\foo\bar x |
|
\global\def\macroname#1#2…{definition} |
|
\newcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition} |
|
\renewcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition} |
|
\providecommand\macroname[numargs]{definition} |
宏也可以在 KaTeX 的渲染选项中定义。
由 \gdef、\xdef、\global\def、\global\edef、\global\let 和 \global\futurelet 定义的宏会在多个数学表达式之间持续生效。（例外情况：宏的持久化可能被禁用——这有正当的安全考虑。）
KaTeX 没有 \par，因此所有宏默认都是长宏（long），\long 会被忽略。
可用的函数包括：
\char \mathchoice \TextOrMath \@ifstar \@ifnextchar \@firstoftwo \@secondoftwo \relax \expandafter \noexpand
@ 是命令中的合法字符，就如同 \makeatletter 已生效一样。
运算符¶
大型运算符¶
\(\sum\) \sum |
\(\prod\) \prod |
\(\bigotimes\) \bigotimes |
\(\bigvee\) \bigvee |
\(\int\) \int |
\(\coprod\) \coprod |
\(\bigoplus\) \bigoplus |
\(\bigwedge\) \bigwedge |
\(\iint\) \iint |
\(\intop\) \intop |
\(\bigodot\) \bigodot |
\(\bigcap\) \bigcap |
\(\iiint\) \iiint |
\(\smallint\) \smallint |
\(\biguplus\) \biguplus |
\(\bigcup\) \bigcup |
\(\oint\) \oint |
\(\oiint\) \oiint |
\(\oiiint\) \oiiint |
\(\bigsqcup\) \bigsqcup |
直接输入：\(∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∏ ∐ ∑ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ ⨄ ⨆\) ∯ ∰
二元运算符¶
\(+\) + |
\(\cdot\) \cdot |
\(\gtrdot\) \gtrdot |
\(x \pmod a\) x \pmod a |
\(-\) - |
\(\cdotp\) \cdotp |
\(\intercal\) \intercal |
\(x \pod a\) x \pod a |
\(/\) / |
\(\centerdot\) \centerdot |
\(\land\) \land |
\(\rhd\) \rhd |
\(*\) * |
\(\circ\) \circ |
\(\leftthreetimes\) \leftthreetimes |
\(\rightthreetimes\) \rightthreetimes |
\(\amalg\) \amalg |
\(\circledast\) \circledast |
\(\ldotp\) \ldotp |
\(\rtimes\) \rtimes |
\(\And\) \And |
\(\circledcirc\) \circledcirc |
\(\lor\) \lor |
\(\setminus\) \setminus |
\(\ast\) \ast |
\(\circleddash\) \circleddash |
\(\lessdot\) \lessdot |
\(\smallsetminus\) \smallsetminus |
\(\barwedge\) \barwedge |
\(\Cup\) \Cup |
\(\lhd\) \lhd |
\(\sqcap\) \sqcap |
\(\bigcirc\) \bigcirc |
\(\cup\) \cup |
\(\ltimes\) \ltimes |
\(\sqcup\) \sqcup |
\(\bmod\) \bmod |
\(\curlyvee\) \curlyvee |
\(x \mod a\) x\mod a |
\(\times\) \times |
\(\boxdot\) \boxdot |
\(\curlywedge\) \curlywedge |
\(\mp\) \mp |
\(\unlhd\) \unlhd |
\(\boxminus\) \boxminus |
\(\div\) \div |
\(\odot\) \odot |
\(\unrhd\) \unrhd |
\(\boxplus\) \boxplus |
\(\divideontimes\) \divideontimes |
\(\ominus\) \ominus |
\(\uplus\) \uplus |
\(\boxtimes\) \boxtimes |
\(\dotplus\) \dotplus |
\(\oplus\) \oplus |
\(\vee\) \vee |
\(\bullet\) \bullet |
\(\doublebarwedge\) \doublebarwedge |
\(\otimes\) \otimes |
\(\veebar\) \veebar |
\(\Cap\) \Cap |
\(\doublecap\) \doublecap |
\(\oslash\) \oslash |
\(\wedge\) \wedge |
\(\cap\) \cap |
\(\doublecup\) \doublecup |
\(\pm\) \pm 或 \plusmn |
\(\wr\) \wr |
直接输入：\(+ - / * ⋅ ∘ ∙ ± × ÷ ∓ ∔ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ≀ ⊎ ⊓ ⊔ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊝ ◯ ∖ {}\)
分数与二项式系数¶
\(\frac{a}{b}\) \frac{a}{b} |
\(\tfrac{a}{b}\) \tfrac{a}{b} |
\(\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}\) \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} |
\({a \over b}\) {a \over b} |
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) \dfrac{a}{b} |
\({a \above{2pt} b+1}\) {a \above{2pt} b+1} |
\(a/b\) a/b |
\(\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}\) \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}} |
\(\binom{n}{k}\) \binom{n}{k} |
\(\dbinom{n}{k}\) \dbinom{n}{k} |
\({n\brace k}\) {n\brace k} |
\({n \choose k}\) {n \choose k} |
\(\tbinom{n}{k}\) \tbinom{n}{k} |
\({n\brack k}\) {n\brack k} |
数学函数（运算符名）¶
\(\arcsin\) \arcsin |
\(\cosec\) \cosec |
\(\deg\) \deg |
\(\sec\) \sec |
\(\arccos\) \arccos |
\(\cosh\) \cosh |
\(\dim\) \dim |
\(\sin\) \sin |
\(\arctan\) \arctan |
\(\cot\) \cot |
\(\exp\) \exp |
\(\sinh\) \sinh |
\(\arctg\) \arctg |
\(\cotg\) \cotg |
\(\hom\) \hom |
\(\sh\) \sh |
\(\arcctg\) \arcctg |
\(\coth\) \coth |
\(\ker\) \ker |
\(\tan\) \tan |
\(\arg\) \arg |
\(\csc\) \csc |
\(\lg\) \lg |
\(\tanh\) \tanh |
\(\ch\) \ch |
\(\ctg\) \ctg |
\(\ln\) \ln |
\(\tg\) \tg |
\(\cos\) \cos |
\(\cth\) \cth |
\(\log\) \log |
\(\th\) \th |
\(\operatorname{f}\) \operatorname{f} |
|||
\(\argmax\) \argmax |
\(\injlim\) \injlim |
\(\min\) \min |
\(\varinjlim\) \varinjlim |
\(\argmin\) \argmin |
\(\lim\) \lim |
\(\plim\) \plim |
\(\varliminf\) \varliminf |
\(\det\) \det |
\(\liminf\) \liminf |
\(\Pr\) \Pr |
\(\varlimsup\) \varlimsup |
\(\gcd\) \gcd |
\(\limsup\) \limsup |
\(\projlim\) \projlim |
\(\varprojlim\) \varprojlim |
\(\inf\) \inf |
\(\max\) \max |
\(\sup\) \sup |
|
\(\operatorname*{f}\) \operatorname*{f} |
\(\operatornamewithlimits{f}\) \operatornamewithlimits{f} |
本表中最后六行的函数可以搭配 \limits 使用。
\sqrt¶
\(\sqrt{x}\) \sqrt{x}
\(\sqrt[3]{x}\) \sqrt[3]{x}
关系符号¶
\(\stackrel{!}{=}\) \stackrel{!}{=}
\(=\) = |
\(\doteqdot\) \doteqdot |
\(\lessapprox\) \lessapprox |
\(\smile\) \smile |
\(<\) < |
\(\eqcirc\) \eqcirc |
\(\lesseqgtr\) \lesseqgtr |
\(\sqsubset\) \sqsubset |
\(>\) > |
\(\eqcolon\) \eqcolon 或\minuscolon |
\(\lesseqqgtr\) \lesseqqgtr |
\(\sqsubseteq\) \sqsubseteq |
\(:\) : |
\(\Eqcolon\) \Eqcolon 或\minuscoloncolon |
\(\lessgtr\) \lessgtr |
\(\sqsupset\) \sqsupset |
\(\approx\) \approx |
\(\eqqcolon\) \eqqcolon 或\equalscolon |
\(\lesssim\) \lesssim |
\(\sqsupseteq\) \sqsupseteq |
\(\approxcolon\) \approxcolon |
\(\Eqqcolon\) \Eqqcolon 或\equalscoloncolon |
\(\ll\) \ll |
\(\Subset\) \Subset |
\(\approxcoloncolon\) \approxcoloncolon |
\(\eqsim\) \eqsim |
\(\lll\) \lll |
\(\subset\) \subset 或 \sub |
\(\approxeq\) \approxeq |
\(\eqslantgtr\) \eqslantgtr |
\(\llless\) \llless |
\(\subseteq\) \subseteq 或 \sube |
\(\asymp\) \asymp |
\(\eqslantless\) \eqslantless |
\(\lt\) \lt |
\(\subseteqq\) \subseteqq |
\(\backepsilon\) \backepsilon |
\(\equiv\) \equiv |
\(\mid\) \mid |
\(\succ\) \succ |
\(\backsim\) \backsim |
\(\fallingdotseq\) \fallingdotseq |
\(\models\) \models |
\(\succapprox\) \succapprox |
\(\backsimeq\) \backsimeq |
\(\frown\) \frown |
\(\multimap\) \multimap |
\(\succcurlyeq\) \succcurlyeq |
\(\between\) \between |
\(\ge\) \ge |
\(\origof\) \origof |
\(\succeq\) \succeq |
\(\bowtie\) \bowtie |
\(\geq\) \geq |
\(\owns\) \owns |
\(\succsim\) \succsim |
\(\bumpeq\) \bumpeq |
\(\geqq\) \geqq |
\(\parallel\) \parallel |
\(\Supset\) \Supset |
\(\Bumpeq\) \Bumpeq |
\(\geqslant\) \geqslant |
\(\perp\) \perp |
\(\supset\) \supset |
\(\circeq\) \circeq |
\(\gg\) \gg |
\(\pitchfork\) \pitchfork |
\(\supseteq\) \supseteq 或 \supe |
\(\colonapprox\) \colonapprox |
\(\ggg\) \ggg |
\(\prec\) \prec |
\(\supseteqq\) \supseteqq |
\(\Colonapprox\) \Colonapprox 或\coloncolonapprox |
\(\gggtr\) \gggtr |
\(\precapprox\) \precapprox |
\(\thickapprox\) \thickapprox |
\(\coloneq\) \coloneq 或\colonminus |
\(\gt\) \gt |
\(\preccurlyeq\) \preccurlyeq |
\(\thicksim\) \thicksim |
\(\Coloneq\) \Coloneq 或\coloncolonminus |
\(\gtrapprox\) \gtrapprox |
\(\preceq\) \preceq |
\(\trianglelefteq\) \trianglelefteq |
\(\coloneqq\) \coloneqq 或\colonequals |
\(\gtreqless\) \gtreqless |
\(\precsim\) \precsim |
\(\triangleq\) \triangleq |
\(\Coloneqq\) \Coloneqq 或\coloncolonequals |
\(\gtreqqless\) \gtreqqless |
\(\propto\) \propto |
\(\trianglerighteq\) \trianglerighteq |
\(\colonsim\) \colonsim |
\(\gtrless\) \gtrless |
\(\risingdotseq\) \risingdotseq |
\(\varpropto\) \varpropto |
\(\Colonsim\) \Colonsim 或\coloncolonsim |
\(\gtrsim\) \gtrsim |
\(\shortmid\) \shortmid |
\(\vartriangle\) \vartriangle |
\(\cong\) \cong |
\(\imageof\) \imageof |
\(\shortparallel\) \shortparallel |
\(\vartriangleleft\) \vartriangleleft |
\(\curlyeqprec\) \curlyeqprec |
\(\in\) \in 或 \isin |
\(\sim\) \sim |
\(\vartriangleright\) \vartriangleright |
\(\curlyeqsucc\) \curlyeqsucc |
\(\Join\) \Join |
\(\simcolon\) \simcolon |
\(\vcentcolon\) \vcentcolon 或\ratio |
\(\dashv\) \dashv |
\(\le\) \le |
\(\simcoloncolon\) \simcoloncolon |
\(\vdash\) \vdash |
\(\dblcolon\) \dblcolon 或\coloncolon |
\(\leq\) \leq |
\(\simeq\) \simeq |
\(\vDash\) \vDash |
\(\doteq\) \doteq |
\(\leqq\) \leqq |
\(\smallfrown\) \smallfrown |
\(\Vdash\) \Vdash |
\(\Doteq\) \Doteq |
\(\leqslant\) \leqslant |
\(\smallsmile\) \smallsmile |
\(\Vvdash\) \Vvdash |
直接输入：\(= < > : ∈ ∋ ∝ ∼ ∽ ≂ ≃ ≅ ≈ ≊ ≍ ≎ ≏ ≐ ≑ ≒ ≓ ≖ ≗ ≜ ≡ ≤ ≥ ≦ ≧ ≫ ≬ ≳ ≷ ≺ ≻ ≼ ≽ ≾ ≿ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ⊏ ⊐ ⊑ ⊒ ⊢ ⊣ ⊩ ⊪ ⊸ ⋈ ⋍ ⋐ ⋑ ⋔ ⋙ ⋛ ⋞ ⋟ ⌢ ⌣ ⩾ ⪆ ⪌ ⪕ ⪖ ⪯ ⪰ ⪷ ⪸ ⫅ ⫆ ≲ ⩽ ⪅ ≶ ⋚ ⪋ ⟂ ⊨ ⊶ ⊷\) ≔ ≕ ⩴
否定关系符号¶
\(\not =\) \not =
\(\gnapprox\) \gnapprox |
\(\ngeqslant\) \ngeqslant |
\(\nsubseteq\) \nsubseteq |
\(\precneqq\) \precneqq |
\(\gneq\) \gneq |
\(\ngtr\) \ngtr |
\(\nsubseteqq\) \nsubseteqq |
\(\precnsim\) \precnsim |
\(\gneqq\) \gneqq |
\(\nleq\) \nleq |
\(\nsucc\) \nsucc |
\(\subsetneq\) \subsetneq |
\(\gnsim\) \gnsim |
\(\nleqq\) \nleqq |
\(\nsucceq\) \nsucceq |
\(\subsetneqq\) \subsetneqq |
\(\gvertneqq\) \gvertneqq |
\(\nleqslant\) \nleqslant |
\(\nsupseteq\) \nsupseteq |
\(\succnapprox\) \succnapprox |
\(\lnapprox\) \lnapprox |
\(\nless\) \nless |
\(\nsupseteqq\) \nsupseteqq |
\(\succneqq\) \succneqq |
\(\lneq\) \lneq |
\(\nmid\) \nmid |
\(\ntriangleleft\) \ntriangleleft |
\(\succnsim\) \succnsim |
\(\lneqq\) \lneqq |
\(\notin\) \notin |
\(\ntrianglelefteq\) \ntrianglelefteq |
\(\supsetneq\) \supsetneq |
\(\lnsim\) \lnsim |
\(\notni\) \notni |
\(\ntriangleright\) \ntriangleright |
\(\supsetneqq\) \supsetneqq |
\(\lvertneqq\) \lvertneqq |
\(\nparallel\) \nparallel |
\(\ntrianglerighteq\) \ntrianglerighteq |
\(\varsubsetneq\) \varsubsetneq |
\(\ncong\) \ncong |
\(\nprec\) \nprec |
\(\nvdash\) \nvdash |
\(\varsubsetneqq\) \varsubsetneqq |
\(\ne\) \ne |
\(\npreceq\) \npreceq |
\(\nvDash\) \nvDash |
\(\varsupsetneq\) \varsupsetneq |
\(\neq\) \neq |
\(\nshortmid\) \nshortmid |
\(\nVDash\) \nVDash |
\(\varsupsetneqq\) \varsupsetneqq |
\(\ngeq\) \ngeq |
\(\nshortparallel\) \nshortparallel |
\(\nVdash\) \nVdash |
|
\(\ngeqq\) \ngeqq |
\(\nsim\) \nsim |
\(\precnapprox\) \precnapprox |
直接输入：\(∉ ∌ ∤ ∦ ≁ ≆ ≠ ≨ ≩ ≮ ≯ ≰ ≱ ⊀ ⊁ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯ ⋠ ⋡ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋬ ⋭ ⪇ ⪈ ⪉ ⪊ ⪵ ⪶ ⪹ ⪺ ⫋ ⫌\)
箭头¶
\(\circlearrowleft\) \circlearrowleft |
\(\leftharpoonup\) \leftharpoonup |
\(\rArr\) \rArr |
\(\circlearrowright\) \circlearrowright |
\(\leftleftarrows\) \leftleftarrows |
\(\rarr\) \rarr |
\(\curvearrowleft\) \curvearrowleft |
\(\leftrightarrow\) \leftrightarrow |
\(\restriction\) \restriction |
\(\curvearrowright\) \curvearrowright |
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \Leftrightarrow |
\(\rightarrow\) \rightarrow |
\(\Darr\) \Darr |
\(\leftrightarrows\) \leftrightarrows |
\(\Rightarrow\) \Rightarrow |
\(\dArr\) \dArr |
\(\leftrightharpoons\) \leftrightharpoons |
\(\rightarrowtail\) \rightarrowtail |
\(\darr\) \darr |
\(\leftrightsquigarrow\) \leftrightsquigarrow |
\(\rightharpoondown\) \rightharpoondown |
\(\dashleftarrow\) \dashleftarrow |
\(\Lleftarrow\) \Lleftarrow |
\(\rightharpoonup\) \rightharpoonup |
\(\dashrightarrow\) \dashrightarrow |
\(\longleftarrow\) \longleftarrow |
\(\rightleftarrows\) \rightleftarrows |
\(\downarrow\) \downarrow |
\(\Longleftarrow\) \Longleftarrow |
\(\rightleftharpoons\) \rightleftharpoons |
\(\Downarrow\) \Downarrow |
\(\longleftrightarrow\) \longleftrightarrow |
\(\rightrightarrows\) \rightrightarrows |
\(\downdownarrows\) \downdownarrows |
\(\Longleftrightarrow\) \Longleftrightarrow |
\(\rightsquigarrow\) \rightsquigarrow |
\(\downharpoonleft\) \downharpoonleft |
\(\longmapsto\) \longmapsto |
\(\Rrightarrow\) \Rrightarrow |
\(\downharpoonright\) \downharpoonright |
\(\longrightarrow\) \longrightarrow |
\(\Rsh\) \Rsh |
\(\gets\) \gets |
\(\Longrightarrow\) \Longrightarrow |
\(\searrow\) \searrow |
\(\Harr\) \Harr |
\(\looparrowleft\) \looparrowleft |
\(\swarrow\) \swarrow |
\(\hArr\) \hArr |
\(\looparrowright\) \looparrowright |
\(\to\) \to |
\(\harr\) \harr |
\(\Lrarr\) \Lrarr |
\(\twoheadleftarrow\) \twoheadleftarrow |
\(\hookleftarrow\) \hookleftarrow |
\(\lrArr\) \lrArr |
\(\twoheadrightarrow\) \twoheadrightarrow |
\(\hookrightarrow\) \hookrightarrow |
\(\lrarr\) \lrarr |
\(\Uarr\) \Uarr |
\(\iff\) \iff |
\(\Lsh\) \Lsh |
\(\uArr\) \uArr |
\(\impliedby\) \impliedby |
\(\mapsto\) \mapsto |
\(\uarr\) \uarr |
\(\implies\) \implies |
\(\nearrow\) \nearrow |
\(\uparrow\) \uparrow |
\(\Larr\) \Larr |
\(\nleftarrow\) \nleftarrow |
\(\Uparrow\) \Uparrow |
\(\lArr\) \lArr |
\(\nLeftarrow\) \nLeftarrow |
\(\updownarrow\) \updownarrow |
\(\larr\) \larr |
\(\nleftrightarrow\) \nleftrightarrow |
\(\Updownarrow\) \Updownarrow |
\(\leadsto\) \leadsto |
\(\nLeftrightarrow\) \nLeftrightarrow |
\(\upharpoonleft\) \upharpoonleft |
\(\leftarrow\) \leftarrow |
\(\nrightarrow\) \nrightarrow |
\(\upharpoonright\) \upharpoonright |
\(\Leftarrow\) \Leftarrow |
\(\nRightarrow\) \nRightarrow |
\(\upuparrows\) \upuparrows |
\(\leftarrowtail\) \leftarrowtail |
\(\nwarrow\) \nwarrow |
|
\(\leftharpoondown\) \leftharpoondown |
\(\Rarr\) \Rarr |
直接输入：\(← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↚ ↛ ↞ ↠ ↢ ↣ ↦ ↩ ↪ ↫ ↬ ↭ ↮ ↰ ↱↶ ↷ ↺ ↻ ↼ ↽ ↾ ↾ ↿ ⇀ ⇁ ⇂ ⇃ ⇄ ⇆ ⇇ ⇈ ⇉ ⇊ ⇋ ⇌⇍ ⇎ ⇏ ⇐ ⇑ ⇒ ⇓ ⇔ ⇕ ⇚ ⇛ ⇝ ⇠ ⇢ ⟵ ⟶ ⟷ ⟸ ⟹ ⟺ ⟼\) ↽
可延展箭头
\(\xleftarrow{abc}\) \xleftarrow{abc} |
\(\xrightarrow[under]{over}\) \xrightarrow[under]{over} |
\(\xLeftarrow{abc}\) \xLeftarrow{abc} |
\(\xRightarrow{abc}\) \xRightarrow{abc} |
\(\xleftrightarrow{abc}\) \xleftrightarrow{abc} |
\(\xLeftrightarrow{abc}\) \xLeftrightarrow{abc} |
\(\xhookleftarrow{abc}\) \xhookleftarrow{abc} |
\(\xhookrightarrow{abc}\) \xhookrightarrow{abc} |
\(\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}\) \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} |
\(\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}\) \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc} |
\(\xleftharpoonup{abc}\) \xleftharpoonup{abc} |
\(\xrightharpoonup{abc}\) \xrightharpoonup{abc} |
\(\xleftharpoondown{abc}\) \xleftharpoondown{abc} |
\(\xrightharpoondown{abc}\) \xrightharpoondown{abc} |
\(\xleftrightharpoons{abc}\) \xleftrightharpoons{abc} |
\(\xrightleftharpoons{abc}\) \xrightleftharpoons{abc} |
\(\xtofrom{abc}\) \xtofrom{abc} |
\(\xmapsto{abc}\) \xmapsto{abc} |
\(\xlongequal{abc}\) \xlongequal{abc} |
所有可延展箭头都可以像 \xrightarrow[under]{over} 一样
接受一个可选参数。
特殊记号¶
Bra-ket 记号（狄拉克记号）
\(\bra{\phi}\) \bra{\phi} |
\(\ket{\psi}\) \ket{\psi} |
\(\braket{\phi\VERT\psi}\) \braket{\phi|\psi} |
\(\Bra{\phi}\) \Bra{\phi} |
\(\Ket{\psi}\) \Ket{\psi} |
\(\Braket{ ϕ \VERT \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} \VERT ψ }\) \Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ } |
样式、颜色、大小与字体¶
类别指定
\mathbin \mathclose \mathinner \mathop
\mathopen \mathord \mathpunct \mathrel
颜色
\(\color{blue} F=ma\) \color{blue} F=ma
注意，\color 的作用类似一个开关。其他颜色函数则要求将内容作为函数参数传入：
\(\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}\) \textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
\(\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}\) \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
\(\colorbox{aqua}{\)F=ma\(}\) \colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
\(\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{\)F=ma\(}\) \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}
注意，与 LaTeX 一样，\colorbox 和 \fcolorbox 会将第三个参数渲染为文本，因此你可能需要像上面的例子那样用 $ 切换回数学模式。
在颜色定义方面，KaTeX 的颜色函数接受标准的 HTML 预定义颜色名称，也接受 CSS 十六进制风格的 RGB 参数。六位十六进制数值前的 "#" 是可选的。
字体
\(\mathrm{Ab0}\) \mathrm{Ab0} |
\(\mathbf{Ab0}\) \mathbf{Ab0} |
\(\mathsf{Ab0}\) \mathsf{Ab0} |
\(\mathnormal{Ab0}\) \mathnormal{Ab0} |
\(\textbf{Ab0}\) \textbf{Ab0} |
\(\textsf{Ab0}\) \textsf{Ab0} |
\(\textrm{Ab0}\) \textrm{Ab0} |
\(\bf Ab0\) \bf Ab0 |
\(\sf Ab0\) \sf Ab0 |
\(\rm Ab0\) \rm Ab0 |
\(\bold{Ab0}\) \bold{Ab0} |
\(\mathsfit{Ab0}\) \mathsfit{Ab0} |
\(\textnormal{Ab0}\) \textnormal{Ab0} |
\(\boldsymbol{Ab0}\) \boldsymbol{Ab0} |
\(\Bbb{AB}\) \Bbb{AB} |
\(\text{Ab0}\) \text{Ab0} |
\(\bm{Ab0}\) \bm{Ab0} |
\(\mathbb{AB}\) \mathbb{AB} |
\(\textup{Ab0}\) \textup{Ab0} |
\(\textmd{Ab0}\) \textmd{Ab0} |
\(\frak{Ab0}\) \frak{Ab0} |
\(\mathit{Ab0}\) \mathit{Ab0} |
\(\mathtt{Ab0}\) \mathtt{Ab0} |
\(\mathfrak{Ab0}\) \mathfrak{Ab0} |
\(\textit{Ab0}\) \textit{Ab0} |
\(\texttt{Ab0}\) \texttt{Ab0} |
\(\mathcal{AB0}\) \mathcal{AB0} |
\(\it Ab0\) \it Ab0 |
\(\tt Ab0\) \tt Ab0 |
\(\cal AB0\) \cal AB0 |
\(\emph{Ab0}\) \emph{Ab0} |
\(\mathscr{AB}\) \mathscr{AB} |
使用字体函数的 \textXX 版本，可以将字体族、字重和字形叠加在一起。例如 \textsf{\textbf{H}} 会得到 \(\textsf{\textbf{H}}\)。其他版本则无法叠加，例如 \mathsf{\mathbf{H}} 只会得到 \(\mathsf{\mathbf{H}}\)。
当 KaTeX 字体中没有某个粗体字形时，可以用 \pmb 来模拟。例如 \pmb{\mu} 会渲染为：\(\pmb{\mu}\)
大小
\(\Huge AB\) \Huge AB |
\(\normalsize AB\) \normalsize AB |
\(\huge AB\) \huge AB |
\(\small AB\) \small AB |
\(\LARGE AB\) \LARGE AB |
\(\footnotesize AB\) \footnotesize AB |
\(\Large AB\) \Large AB |
\(\scriptsize AB\) \scriptsize AB |
\(\large AB\) \large AB |
\(\tiny AB\) \tiny AB |
样式
\(\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n\) \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n |
\(\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n\) \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n |
\(\scriptstyle x\) \scriptstyle x （第一级上下标的大小） |
\(\scriptscriptstyle x\) \scriptscriptstyle x（更深层级上下标的大小） |
\(\lim\limits_x\) \lim\limits_x |
\(\lim\nolimits_x\) \lim\nolimits_x |
\(\verb!x^2!\) \verb!x^2! |
\text{…} 可以接受嵌套的 $…$ 片段，并将其渲染为数学模式。
符号与标点¶
% comment |
\(\dots\) \dots |
\(\KaTeX\) \KaTeX |
\(\%\) \% |
\(\cdots\) \cdots |
\(\LaTeX\) \LaTeX |
\(\#\) \# |
\(\ddots\) \ddots |
\(\TeX\) \TeX |
\(\&\) \& |
\(\ldots\) \ldots |
\(\nabla\) \nabla |
\(\_\) \_ |
\(\vdots\) \vdots |
\(\infty\) \infty |
\(\text{\textunderscore}\) \text{\textunderscore} |
\(\dotsb\) \dotsb |
\(\infin\) \infin |
$\text\text{ |
\(\dotsc\) \dotsc |
\(\checkmark\) \checkmark |
\(\text{\textendash}\) \text{\textendash} |
\(\dotsi\) \dotsi |
\(\dag\) \dag |
$\text\text{- |
\(\dotsm\) \dotsm |
\(\dagger\) \dagger |
\(\text{\textemdash}\) \text{\textemdash} |
\(\dotso\) \dotso |
\(\text{\textdagger}\) \text{\textdagger} |
\(\text{\textasciitilde}\) \text{\textasciitilde} |
\(\sdot\) \sdot |
\(\ddag\) \ddag |
\(\text{\textasciicircum}\) \text{\textasciicircum} |
\(\mathellipsis\) \mathellipsis |
\(\ddagger\) \ddagger |
$$ <code> |
\(\text{\textellipsis}\) \text{\textellipsis} |
\(\text{\textdaggerdbl}\) \text{\textdaggerdbl} |
\(\text{\textquoteleft}\) \text{\textquoteleft} |
\(\Box\) \Box |
\(\Dagger\) \Dagger |
\(\lq\) \lq |
\(\square\) \square |
\(\angle\) \angle |
\(\text{\textquoteright}\) \text{\textquoteright} |
\(\blacksquare\) \blacksquare |
\(\measuredangle\) \measuredangle |
\(\rq\) \rq |
\(\triangle\) \triangle |
\(\sphericalangle\) \sphericalangle |
\(\text{\textquotedblleft}\) \text{\textquotedblleft} |
\(\triangledown\) \triangledown |
\(\top\) \top |
\("\) " |
\(\triangleleft\) \triangleleft |
\(\bot\) \bot |
\(\text{\textquotedblright}\) \text{\textquotedblright} |
\(\triangleright\) \triangleright |
\(\$\) \$ |
\(\colon\) \colon |
\(\bigtriangledown\) \bigtriangledown |
\(\text{\textdollar}\) \text{\textdollar} |
\(\backprime\) \backprime |
\(\bigtriangleup\) \bigtriangleup |
\(\pounds\) \pounds |
\(\prime\) \prime |
\(\blacktriangle\) \blacktriangle |
\(\mathsterling\) \mathsterling |
\(\text{\textless}\) \text{\textless} |
\(\blacktriangledown\) \blacktriangledown |
\(\text{\textsterling}\) \text{\textsterling} |
\(\text{\textgreater}\) \text{\textgreater} |
\(\blacktriangleleft\) \blacktriangleleft |
\(\yen\) \yen |
\(\text{\textbar}\) \text{\textbar} |
\(\blacktriangleright\) \blacktriangleright |
\(\surd\) \surd |
\(\text{\textbardbl}\) \text{\textbardbl} |
\(\diamond\) \diamond |
\(\degree\) \degree |
\(\text{\textbraceleft}\) \text{\textbraceleft} |
\(\Diamond\) \Diamond |
\(\text{\textdegree}\) \text{\textdegree} |
\(\text{\textbraceright}\) \text{\textbraceright} |
\(\lozenge\) \lozenge |
\(\mho\) \mho |
\(\text{\textbackslash}\) \text{\textbackslash} |
\(\blacklozenge\) \blacklozenge |
\(\diagdown\) \diagdown |
\(\text{\P}\) \text{\P} 或 \P |
\(\star\) \star |
\(\diagup\) \diagup |
\(\text{\S}\) \text{\S} 或 \S |
\(\bigstar\) \bigstar |
\(\flat\) \flat |
\(\text{\sect}\) \text{\sect} |
\(\clubsuit\) \clubsuit |
\(\natural\) \natural |
\(\copyright\) \copyright |
\(\clubs\) \clubs |
\(\sharp\) \sharp |
\(\circledR\) \circledR |
\(\diamondsuit\) \diamondsuit |
\(\heartsuit\) \heartsuit |
\(\text{\textregistered}\) \text{\textregistered} |
\(\diamonds\) \diamonds |
\(\hearts\) \hearts |
\(\circledS\) \circledS |
\(\spadesuit\) \spadesuit |
\(\spades\) \spades |
\(\text{\textcircled a}\) \text{\textcircled a} |
\(\maltese\) \maltese |
\(\minuso\) \minuso |
直接输入：§ ¶ $ £ ¥ ∇ ∞ · ∠ ∡ ∢ ♠ ♡ ♢ ♣ ♭ ♮ ♯ ✓ … ⋮ ⋯ ⋱ !$ ‼ ⦵
单位¶
在 KaTeX 中，单位的比例关系与 TeX 中一致。
KaTeX 单位与 CSS 单位不同。
| KaTeX 单位 | 数值 | KaTeX 单位 | 数值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| em | CSS em | bp | 1/72 英寸 × F × G |
| ex | CSS ex | pc | 12 KaTeX pt |
| mu | 1/18 CSS em | dd | 1238/1157 KaTeX pt |
| pt | 1/72.27 英寸 × F × G | cc | 14856/1157 KaTeX pt |
| mm | 1 mm × F × G | nd | 685/642 KaTeX pt |
| cm | 1 cm × F × G | nc | 1370/107 KaTeX pt |
| in | 1 英寸 × F × G | sp | 1/65536 KaTeX pt |
其中：
\[
F = （周围 HTML 文本的字体大小）/(10 pt)
\]
G 默认为 1.21，因为 KaTeX 的字体大小通常是周围字体大小的 1.21 倍。该值可以被覆盖，通过 HTML 页面的 CSS 来实现。
样式与大小对单位的影响：
| 单位 | textstyle | scriptscript | huge |
|---|---|---|---|
| em 或 ex | \(\rule{1em}{1em}\) | \(\scriptscriptstyle\rule{1em}{1em}\) | \(\huge\rule{1em}{1em}\) |
| mu | \(\rule{18mu}{18mu}\) | \(\scriptscriptstyle\rule{18mu}{18mu}\) | \(\huge\rule{18mu}{18mu}\) |
| 其他 | \(\rule{10pt}{10pt}\) | \(\scriptscriptstyle\rule{10pt}{10pt}\) | \(\huge\rule{10pt}{10pt}\) |